Importance and Scope of Commerce

Since the second part of the 20th century, the world is entered in the new era of the globalization. This era began with the creation of the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) in 1947 which finally lead to the creation of the WTO (World Trade Organization) in 1995. Those organizations have for objectives to accelerate, in the world scale, exchanges of goods, services by limiting the barriers of the commerce between the countries. In this era of globalization, the commerce has a central place. The importance of the commerce is in the fact that it provides goods and services which are easing the life of the consumer all around the world. Commerce is a preponderant vector of economics development and growth for countries. Indeed, the countries the most powerful, on an economical point of view, are the countries which dominate the world’s business, like the United States of America, China or Arabic countries due to the oil’s market. The opening of economies to the rest of the world and the trade liberalization (which can be reach thanks to the GATT and WTO’s work) are essential steps to improve the well-being of populations. It contributes to reducing poverty and helping countries to accelerate their progress (developing countries). The final objective of commerce is to make all the countries economically independent, in a sustainable way. Due to the importance of commerce in the present day world, there is a constant development of businesses and specific jobs in relation with commerce. That means that more and more people are engaged in commerce and concerned by this activity. So, the scope of commerce is very wide and is still changing day after day. Indeed, since the world is growing (new consumers, new way of life [†¦]) and the technology are changing, there is new businesses which open every day worldwide. Furthermore, there is a change in the world’s economy which influences the scope of commerce. For example, in one hand we can see that all the manufacturing companies are moving to developing countries to benefit of the low-cost labor force, in China or India for example. So it changes the frontiers of commerce by create new players in the world business. In the other hand, the developed countries have to find new opportunities for maintain their importance. So they explore new fields for business like the Internet. Thus, most of the companies from developed countries are moving toward the internet by the creation of a new way of make business: the e-commerce. With this opening on the virtual world for commerce, it expends more and more the scope of commerce. And you can guess that in the near future, with the development of new technologies, companies from developed countries will find other field to continue their business. So, we can conclude that the importance of the commerce in our society is very strong and that his scope is as wide as commerce is important in the 21st century. But we have to keep in mind that the current limits of commerce won’t be the same tomorrow and are not the same as yesterday because the scope of commerce is in constant evolution: each day, new entrants are coming to the business replacing other players who disappear.

Evolution Of Outdoor Advertising In Nigeria

Advertising or advertising is a form of communication for marketing and used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate an audience (viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a specific group) to continue or take some new action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common. This type of work belongs to a category called affective labor (Wayne et al. , 2008). Long before America was colonized, commerce flourished in the Old World where various methods were used to promote trade.Notice boards placed outside houses indicated what could be had within. Wine cellars gave free samples in the streets. And actors paraded in the streets attempting to entice onlookers into theatres. The idea of commerce is very old indeed, and the means of inducing others into exchange relationships was not far behind in its development. (Advertising and Society Review) As we have seen, an advertis ement can be very simple, and simple advertising, eg for events, has been around for as long as people have been trying to make money out of attracting a wider public.Posters announcing an event were probably the first form of advertising, and these date back to gladiatorial contests in Ancient Rome. The first advertisements, however, which fit our full definition of advertising (ie paid for, occupying space in a media form) appear in newspapers in the seventeenth century. These tended to be straightforward statements of fact, without any fancy typesetting or illustrations, and were often indistinguishable from the news stories around them.As the eighteenth century wore on, the Industrial Revolution gathered pace, and consumer goods became more sophisticated, manufacturers began to recognize that they needed to create a need for their products. Many items were new to consumers, or were new variations. Josiah Wedgewood, who manufactured pottery in England in the second half of the se venteenth century, was particularly good at creating new markets for his wares through advertising.He brought cups and plates into the budget and households of middle class families – a much larger market than the wealthy aristocratic households who had previously been the only purchasers of dinner sets. The nineteenth century saw the skills of the advertiser come to the forefront, as ads began to mix images and words, and adopt the techniques of language and layout that we are familiar with today. With the proliferation of goods and services in this century, it became recognised that advertising was an important part of business, and should be dealt with by experts in the field.Most of the advertising agencies that dominate the global markets today were founded in the latter part of the nineteenth century. During the early part of the twentieth century, governments began to recognise the power of advertising to get their message across to their ‘consumers' (ie their ci tizens). This was particularly apparent during the First World War, when advertising was used to enlist soldiers and enforce government policies. (http://www. mediaknowall. com/gcse/advertising/advertising.Advertising in Nigeria Advertising in Nigeria could be said to have started officially with Rev. Henry Townsend's Newspaper called Iwe Iroyin in 1859. This particular newspaper carried advertisements on births and other social events. However, professional advertising is often said to have started in 1928 with the birth of West African Publicity Limited. Derived from UAC, it was established to cater for the needs of the colonial masters in Nigeria and West Africa.This company later became an advertising agency in 1929 named Lintas with two other subsidiaries namely Afromedia, the outdoor medium and Pearl/Dean, the cinema arm. In the 1950's new advertising agencies emerged. The medium of advertising was in its infancy in those days Federal Government owned National Broadcasting Cor poration (NBC) where he only television stations that operated in the four regions of East, West, North and later Midwest. With the increase in practitioners, an agency regulatory body had to be formed to standardize their practices.A meeting of the agencies held at Ebute Metta, Lagos in 1971 was to metamorphose into Association of Advertising Practitioners of Nigeria (AAPN) with the objective of protecting practitioners against unfavorable business. The association was later renamed Association of Advertising Agencies of Nigeria (AAAN) . The need to establish an institution Advertising Practitioners Council of Nigeria (APCON) by Decree 55 of 1988, later renamed Act 55 of 1988 by the civilian administration on November 1989, the first meeting of the association held somewhere in Ebute-meta, Lagos finally culminated to the birth of APCON.In the 1990's the sector came alive, it began to expand beyond advertising as full services public relation firms such as the Quadrant JSP and Quest were established. Also the era witnessed the mad rush of foreign affiliations. While some agencies sought this affiliation to help boost their human capital, others just joined the bandwagon just to feel among. Media Independent Practitioners Association of Nigeria (ADVAN), outdoor Advertising Association of Nigeria (OAAN) later emerged in 1928.Today, Nigerian advertising industry, is making efforts to ensure that they measured up to global industry practice. Affiliations also avails them of technical knowhow in the areas of creativity and training. The industry has grown to shooting their adverts locally and injecting a lot of local content in their campaigns the regulatory body of advertising, APCON, is living up to expectations by the measures put in place to sanitize the industry. Of note is professionalizing the practice to ensure that quacks are reduced if not flushed out completely.Again measures are adopted to ensure practitioners operate within set advertising standards. S ectional associations include Broadcasting Organisation of Nigeria (BON), Media Independent Practitioners Association of Nigeria (MIPAN), Advertisers Association of Nigeria (ADVAN), Newspapers proprietors Association of Nigeria (NPAN) and Outdoor Advertising Association of Nigeria (OAAN).OUTDOOR ADVERTISING IN NIGERIAOutdoor advertising in Nigeria has its humble beginning rooted in colonial history. Advertising development in Nigeria could be traced to about 1928 with the birth of West African Publicity Limited; a subsidiary of the United African Company (UAC). The company was set up to cater for the marketing activities of UAC in both Nigeria and other West African countries as at that time. The company was later to transform to a full-fledged advertising firm in 1929 and was named Lintas with two other subsidiaries, Afromedia, the outdoor medium and Pearl/Dean, the cinema arm.Then headed by expatriates, the companies were to enjoy a monopoly for a long time. It was not until 1950s when other advertising agencies started to emerge on the scene. Ogilvy, Benson and Martha (OBM) and Grant were later to join the fray to form the big three in the industry (Saleem et al. , 2010). In the 50s, other sizes of structures like 8 sheets, 1b sheet and few bulletin boards at Iddo were erected for such clients as Nigeria Tobacco company, Nigeria breweries and Langucy stores. The history of outdoor is the history of advertising in Nigeria.What has evolved into advertising practice today started formerly around 1928 with the establishment of a UAC subsidiary known as the West African Publicity, whose major activity was producing outdoor advertising for UK companies based in Nigeria. The business has since grown over the years to become a multibillion naira outfit (Tirmizi et al. , 2009). In 1957 all billboards on railway property was landed to MRS Freemont. Railways having set up an outdoor advertising department in 1956. In July 1958, Messrs J. W Mills, Chairman and Managing Director of Mills and Rockleys, a U. K based outdoor advertising company and Mr. G.C Campbell of Franco Signs Limited visited Ibadan, Kaduna and Enugu with the writer for on-the-spot assessment of the of the country’s potentials. A year later Afromedia Nigeria limited was registered precisely on the 28th October, 1959. West Africa publicity which was the first outdoor changed its name to Lintas Nigeria limited with the new management staff in Afromedia limited Mr. D. M. Casey. Outdoor started in earnest and then the first 40 sheet was erected at the junction of Apapa road and denfor street with number LA 1 and a 16 sheet board was erected on the wall of 4 custom sheet corner of phoenix lane numbered LA2.The Manager called M. D. Redman brought in Afromedia in about 1961. Proper documentation of all billboards giving such details as date of erection, landlord’s name, address of billboards, annual payable to landlord or local government council and campaign in 1963. Mr. Kelly of Afromedia commission media research, which result gave credence to the posters medium in Nigeria in terms of coverage during the same period.Mr.  Kelly spear-headed the development of outdoor industry by bringing clients that patronized outdoor intensively together to form an associate with the outdoors companies Afromedia and Railways with name as Outdoors Advertising Contractors of Nigeria (OACAN). However, during this period, there were other outdoors companies, like Railway Advertisement Service, Nigeria Advertising Service (NAS), Wilmer Publicity Gilbertson Advertising Limited, Nigeria Commercial and Industries Enterprise Publicity Associates of Nigeria limited. The first posters printing in Nigeria was done in 1962, by Afromedia.The company was late sold to the Nigeria Management Staff in March, 1974 (BECAME INDIGENISED). During the period, new outdoors advertisement structures were introduced. Sheet unit in 1979, Jewel machine 1989, Timed in 1990, Rooftop in 1990, Directional Street Signs in 1990. UAC West Africa publicity limited set up in 1928, around 1959 it was splinted into two – Afromedia and Lintas. Outdoor Advertisement Contractor of Nigeria came into being in 1954 and the name was changed to Outdoor Adversting Association of Nigeria (OAAN) in 1986 to reflect both in outlook and practice.Outdoors is the oldest advertising medium in Nigeria, though the print media was few years ahead of outdoors. Outdoor advertising however has witnessed its challenges over the years and in what looked like the major steps to address the problem facing the outdoor sub-sector of the advertising industry, stakeholders in the industry, including government, practitioners and advertisers have identify areas of conflict between practitioners and regulatory agencies.Among other things, there is a reviewed that outdoor advertising practice and regulatory environment in the country and charted the way forward for a thriving and mutually rewarding outdoo r advertising industry. Despite the challenges faced by the sector, there are over 165 outdoor firms still existing in the market, managing over 21,000 boards, pan-Nigeria (Latif and Abideen, 2011). The first act of billboard demolition took place during the Raji Rasaki military regime. This action marked the beginning of billboard extermination in the country. In 2006, there was massive demolition of billboards in Abuja.The exercise was aimed at sanitising the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), but the resultant effect was the agony it caused some outdoor agencies, some even filed for bankruptcy. In 2007, Lagos State Signage and Advertising Agency (LASAA) went on a crusade against billboards in the state (Saleem et al. , 2010). Today, out of home (outdoor) advertising has gone beyond rusty poles signage in Nigeria. The major turnaround featured segmented scrolling billboards, unipoles, ultra waves, crossway billboards (gantries) backlit, Hexa signs and the latest of them is the light emitting diodes LED screen billboards.These evolutionary billboards designs are meant to make the outdoor advertising functions more effective, less stressful yet delivering value for money (Latif and Abideen, 2011). These latest electronically controlled billboards could be managed from the agencies office without any stress. Another advantage and a delight to clients is that it could also be monitored by the clients from their offices removing the hassle of going to spy on a billboards post for monitoring. Just like other digital innovations, this one also comes with accuracy, ease, speed and trend.This new technology provides aerial beautification (Saleem et al. , 2010). Outdoor advertising has its challenges. Among these challenges are conflicting regulations and multiple taxation, huge debts and demolition of their billboards. In the face of all these, the practitioners are undaunted because outdoor advertising business is still booming in Nigeria. Issues in Outdoor Advertisin g in Nigeria Clients Indebtedness Regulatory Issues Technological Issue Clients Indebtedness.Clients’ indebtedness remains one of the issues that has plagued the outdoor advertising industry in Nigeria, according to a report by Bernard Okhakume in the business column of the Nations newspaper on the 10th of February, 2013, â€Å"Consequent upon their (Outdoor Advertising Agents) debt burden, some of these service providers have closed shop. Over 70% of them today are so heavily indebted they cannot run their offices. At the close of business year 2012, some of them simply disengaged their staff and opted for one-man show pending when situation improves.The situation tends to be as a result of the fact that clients can simply take their wares to other practitioners after being indebted to one agency. However a strong association between practitioners can help to reduce this, In India, the Indian Outdoor Advertising Association is so strong; it clearly states its membership is well over 78% of outdoor corporate service providers in the country. For a country almost the size of a continent, such achievement is highly commendable. Its size enables the association so much power to establish and enforce practice rules, code and ethics.The members are sure to be protected against system abuse. It is not unlikely that clients do owe outdoor agencies in India, but for a scenario such as prevalent in our local market to play out there, is certainly not permissible (http://thenationonlineng. net/new/againoutdoor-advertising-clients-indebtedness/). Regulatory Issues Outdoor advertising regulation has a long-standing tradition of controversy (Charles R. Taylor and John c. Taylor, Journal of public policy& marketing (http://www. jstor. org/stable/30000175). The need to curb haphazard and chaotic outdoors practice in the country led to the emergence of Regulatory bodies.However Practitioners have continued to complain over this â€Å"Strangulation† as some refe rred to it. APCON chairman, Mr. Lolu Akinwumi, at the 2012 edition of the annual advertising forum organised by the Advertising Practitioners Council of Nigeria (APCON) under the theme, ‘Outdoor Advertising Regulation and Control in Nigeria’. said the out-of-home is a major component of advertising practice, which in recent years had suffered some decline, especially as a result of different regulatory regimes, resulting in high costs of operations for practitioners.However, observers have noted that the regulation of outdoor agencies by the government is not a one sided coin, â€Å"The effort to check the indiscriminate deployment of outdoor posters, banners, signs and billboards across the state is finally paying off, for example a drive through Lagos state will see an array of safely and beautifully positioned Boards, it’s almost as if you are in a Western Country†, said Omoba Segun Adewale of Proview Advertising agency.In Nigeria, following the establi shment of The Lagos State Signage and Advertisement Agency as established by the Lagos State Structures for Signage and Advertisement Agency Law, 2006 and the Amendment thereto a body that is responsible for regulating and controlling outdoor advertising and signage displays in Lagos State (http://www. lasaa. com/who-we-are/#sthash. bTsdXaKf. dpuf). Several states are beginning to establish state regulatory agencies to help manage an industry that either to as been a â€Å"free for all affair†.Technological Issue Practitioners in developed economies such as South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States of America (to mention a few), the challenging issues are not indebtedness and member business shut down due to clients’ indebtedness. Practitioners in those economies are now focused on innovative creativity. They are rather challenged by issues such as technological advancement in outdoor advertising practice, research and strategic planning and global innovativen ess (not begging to be paid for job done three years back).In Nigeria, aside from Lagos state that is always on its toes to keep up with modern technology in the field of outdoor advertising, practitioners are still battling with technology in Nigeria, some have attributed this to the cost of having technology especially when clients are not willing to pay the appropriate fee. Despite all the issues raised however, it is interesting to note that over 165 outdoor firms still existed in the market, managing over 21,000 boards, pan-Nigeria ( http://www. thisdaylive. com/articles/charting-the-future-of-outdoor-advertising/120264/).HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF OUTDOOR ADVERTISINGHumans have been creating wall art since the time we lived in caves. What the wall art was used for, and at what point it crossed from artistic display to marketing for a business is an interesting question. During the time of the ancient Egyptians the government was using images carved into stones to post the laws and regulations of the land. This carving into stones may, in a way, have been the oldest form of outdoor advertising (Mick, 1986). The modern-day billboard advertising approach can trace its roots to lithography, which was an invention of the late 1790s.The genius of this invention is that it made it possible to mass produce as many posters and announcements as a business needed. There was one major limitation to the outdoor billboards being produced at the time, and that was the quality of the posters; they did not stand up when exposed to the elements for prolonged periods of time. The circuses were one of the first businesses to profit from this new form of mass marketing, and so outdoor advertising underwent a major innovation which brought us the modern billboard advertising that we know today.The earliest use of the billboard by the circuses dates back to 1835. Prior to the invention of lithography, billboard copy could only be produced on a very small scale which made it sig nificantly less effective as a marketing tool than it is today (Koc, 2002). The true test of a new product is how well it holds up after being introduced to the market for the first time. Several prominent forms of advertising have come into the advertising world and created whole new marketplaces without rendering the traditional outdoor billboard obsolete.It’s a true sign that traditional outdoor billboards are here to stay. Despite the rise of radio, television and internet advertising, the outdoor advertising industry remains stronger than ever. The modern-day billboard, like the outdoor advertising industry as a whole, are a testament to how simple, sturdy, and flexible marketing solutions can endure despite rapid innovation in marketing campaign strategies and emerging technologies (Bittlingmayer, 2008).REGULATION OF OUTDOOR ADVERTISING IN NIGERIAAdvertising Practitioners Council of Nigeria (APCON), established by Act No. 93 of 1992 is the regulatory body of all adverti sing practitioners. However, Outdoor Advertising Agency Association of Nigeria (OAAN) was the regulatory body responsible for regulating outdoor advertising in Nigeria before the various State government took over with Lagos state pioneering this move with the establishment of LASAA. The pre-LASAA era saw Outdoor Advertising Association of Nigeria, OAAN, performing the dual roles of a regulator and a trade association.The OAAN era attracted more criticisms than accolades because of the unstructured environment and the manner in which operators went about business. It was an era when every tom, dick and harry could set up an outdoor advertising agency without due registration and process. In 2006 Lagos state set the pace with LASAA and other States followed in this line of action and introduced their state agencies to regulate and control the business.The states include Kano State, the state recruited the services of Chris Park Marketing Services (CPMS), Oyo State has the Oyo State S ignage and Advertisement Agency (OYSAA), in Ogun State, the Ogun State Signage and Advertising Agency (OGSAA) is doing the job while in Ekiti State, the Ekiti State Signage and Advertisement Agency (EKSAA) is responsible for the job in Rivers State its Rivers State Signage Agency while The Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, gave the responsibility to Afromedia, others are Cross river state sign board and signage agency (CRISSA), Kwara State Signage and Advertisement Agency (KWASAA), Anambra State Signage and Advertisement Agency (ANSAA), Bauchi State Signage and Advertisement Management Agency (BASSAMA), Kano State Signage and Advertisement Agency (KASAA), Ondo State Signage and Advertisement Agency (OSSAA) and Rivers State Signage Agency amongst others. While States like Anambra and Akwa Ibom states are on the verge of setting up and/or leasing the business to consultants.Ogun State attempted to adopt LASAA’s style but could not due to political reasons. Ekiti State, the EKSA A never found its footing due to lack of political will.The state government’s collaborative effort with LASAA collapsed because some stakeholders in Ekiti felt it was an imported idea. Oyo State is currently enjoying smooth services as OYSAA sanitisation exercise got little or no resistance. However, the Director General of OYSAA, Yinka Adepoju, has lamented operators and brand owners cooperation on the area of levy and dues remittance, which, he claimed, is not encouraging. Kano State took an extreme measure in its effort to enforce the new rules when CPMS in conjunction with the state’s Urban Planning & Development Authority pulled down over N300 million worth of billboards and hoardings. The regulation and control activities in the state became the most draconian.The pricing of billboards in the state by CPMS is said to be outrageous despite the fact that Kano is not a commercially viable city for advertisers compared to the situation in Lagos State. While stakehol ders have applaud the state government’s initiative to beautify and modernize the city, they have also decried the excessive rate and undue grandstanding of the concessionaire. Investigations showed that members of Outdoor Advertising Association of Nigeria (OAAN) are groaning over their inability to pay the new rate while advertisers are reluctant to accommodate new prices as budgets had already been planned before the new price regime in the state.The FCT, Abuja, is the new entrant into the outdoor advertising business and the intent of the FCT Administration is clear. For it, it is all about revenue and it has concluded plans to raise the sum of N3 billion from outdoor advertisements annually to augment its Internally Generated Revenue (IGR). The FCT Minister, Senator Bala Abdulkadir Muhammed, made this disclosure in Abuja during an interactive session with outdoor advertisement stakeholders, where it announced Afromedia as the concessionaire to the project. The Minister r estated that the FCT Administration is working towards avoiding visual assault and pollution caused by random advertisements and signages on the streets and neighbourhood of the 8000 square kilometers of the Federal Capital Territory.The state regulatory agencies often been referred as interventionist-agencies have the statutory obligations of regulating the practice of outdoor advertising in the country and are expected to enhance the beauty of the environment, which will serve as a big plus to aesthetics. The agencies have ensured that the stakes are higher now, promoting healthy competition and has tremendously repositioned the outdoor advertising industry. The stakes are higher now, unlike in the past, what we have now as billboards can compete favorably with others anywhere in the world. Besides, the environment is saner and cleaner, which serves as a major attraction to investors.As good as it all seems to have been since 2006 for the state government regulators some new chall enge continue to emerge and pose itself as a problem, it’s the issue of the Police, Military and other FG establishments in the state practicing outdoor by default by putting up illegal outdoor signage’s. The question out there is are there unwritten laws that permits these set of institutions to regulate and control the signage industry or is there a bill underway that will enable them to FASCINATING FACTS FROM THE EVOLUTION OF ADVERTISING INFORMATION ABOUT BILLBOARDS IN NIGERIA:Outdoor advertising is the oldest and most basic type of advertising.More people can view one particular billboard than AIT Television Station. The fact remains that the billboard must be located in a high traffic area.Billboards are viewed nearly 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by billions of different people.OAAA did a study in 1999 that says people glance at 70% of the billboards they pass. Of these billboards, 63% are actually read. Most other types of media cannot compare to this and that i s the fact. Reach Billboards in Lagos reaches 80% of all Lagos population.Television commercials (which ranks #1) reaches 85% of all Lagos population. Other type of Media.The average person must see a television commercial at least seven times before they actually remember viewing the commercial.Outdoor Advertising costs 80% less than television advertising, 60% less than newspaper ads, and 50% less than radio advertisements.Repetition is extremely helpful when you are trying to increase your product awareness, or when you simply want to get your message across to millions of people. This task can easily be accomplished with billboard campaigns.Outdoor advertising makes it extremely easy to target, or not to target, a specific market.Billboards are usually the final message we see right before we purchase an item. So why not direct everyone to your product? Driving Trends.People are spending more time in their vehicle than they do to read the paper and watch the news! For example, t he traffic in Lagos, Nigeria makes it possible for you to spend about six (6) hours on the road to work and back.OAAA did a study in 1999 that says people glance at 70% of the billboards they pass. Of these billboards, 63% are actually read.  · How do billboard rates compare to other types of advertising?Outdoor advertising has a lower cost per thousand (CPM) than any other type of advertising. Outdoor ads cost 80% less than television commercials, 60% less than newspaper ads, and 50% less than radio ads.Billboards have been rated higher than any other type of advertising for their ability to communicate ideas at the lowest possible prices.Outdoor advertising has a larger audience than any other type of advertising. Outdoor advertising is the only type of media that has constant exposure.No other type of advertising allows your message to be displayed 24 hours a day, seven days a week.Ads on billboards are free to consumers; you do not have to buy a magazine, cable television, or a newspaper to see your advertisement (http://victorariyibi. blogspot. com/2007_08_01_archive. html).Other facts about advertising:Advertising has existed as far back as 3000 BC!63% of consumers need to hear company claims 3-5 times before they actually believe it.You’re more likely to survive a plane crash than click a banner ad.The first newspaper ad was in 1650 to offer a reward for 12 stolen horses.The first professional advertising agency was launched in 1841 in Philly.Advertising first became an academic discipline in 1900 at Northwestern.Unilever & JWT first partnered in 1902, creating the longest relationship in advertising history.A baby formula brand was the first to sponsor a blimp (in 1902).The first ad agency to launch a product was JWT on behalf of P&G in 1911, for their product Crisco.  The first radio ad spot was offered in 1922: $100 for ten minutes  In 1929, Lucky Strike spent $12.3M on ads, the most in history to that point to promote just one product.à ‚  The first TV ad was for Bulova Clocks & reached 4000 TVs (http://blog. hubspot. com/the-history-of-advertising-war-for-consumer-attention-slideshare ).

Why Engineers Need Management - 1967 Words

â€Å"Management is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success; leadership determines whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall.† Stephen R Covey Why engineers need management? Engineers play very significant role in motivating innovations that will benefit customers and increase profits. From the earliest stage of their careers, they are expected to lead projects and teams and to bring new ideas to friuitation. Senior-level engineers are expected to lead large, complex projects; to drive innovation; and to provide guidance for less-experienced peers. Excellent leadership skills are necessary to effectively execute such responsibilities http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/newsletters/npss/0607/leadership_skills.html†¦show more content†¦So they know very well what it takes to do the job their staff is now doing. They hire only those people who know how to do job. If they assume each person knows how to do job then they will get better results. Engineer managers Engineer managers start their career from performing technical tasks, so they know very well They hire only those people who know how to do their job if you assume each person knows how to do job, they will get better results. Although some people do their work successfully with or without your assumptions, some people’s work will be affected by what they think you think of them. Give your staff their assignments, ask if they need help, and then leave them alone to get the work done (unless they ask for help). I don’t mean that you shouldn’t talk to them while they’re doing the work; you just shouldn’t interfere with them doing their work. When you assign work, ask if the person understands the work to do, and if he or she has the tools to do it. Decide jointly when you will check in with each other (periodic status reports, one-on-one meetings), and stick to that schedule. If the person gets stuck, he or she should feel free to come to you for help, but if you insist on interfering, your employee will come to you for help only as a last resort. Treat people the way they want to be treated, not the way you’d like to be treated. The Golden Rule â€Å"TreatShow MoreRelatedBay Area Rapid Transit ( Bart ) System1563 Words   |  7 Pagesthe whole ATC system [3][4]. From 1969 to early 1971, three engineers whose work were related to different aspects of ATC expressed their concerns about the way the ATC system was being developed to their management. Holger Hjortsvang, a systems engineer, and Max Blankenze, a programmer analyst, criticized that the development of ATC was lack of supervision from Both BART board and PBTB. At the same time, Robert Bruder, an electrical engineer criticized the non-professional way the ATC system was designedRead MoreDgl International782 Words   |  4 Pagessituation. 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It is a challenging profession, but those who follow through will reap the benefits. This profession is called auditing andRead More Industrial Engineering Essay695 Words   |  3 Pages Technical Drawing Related Career Report nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Industrial Engineers serve as a bridge between management and operations. They combine their solid engineering background with good business sense and management ability. They figure out the best use of facilities, equipment and people for the most cost efficient and productive way to make or process a product. Industrial Engineers concentrate on improving manufacturing productivity and reducing costs associated with inventoryRead MoreA critique of the â€Å"NCHRP Synthesis 397: Bridge Management System for transportation agencies Decision Making† 1376 Words   |  6 Pagespublished a synthesis about bridge management system and decision making that need to be applied across the country. The collapse has awakened public and private agencies in charge so that they begun a new era characterized by paying much attention on their career. A synthesis made by The National Cooperative Highway Reset Program (NCHRP) and lead by Markow and Hyman showed progr ams and system that need to be put in place in order to reshape bridges management for the sake of program performance

Questions I Wish People Would Stop Asking Vegans and Vegetarians - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 866 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/06/18 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Vegetarian Essay Did you like this example? I had my first date 6 months ago, with a guy named Damon. Damon had taken me out for pizza at my favorite pizza place, Little Italia Pizzeria in the Berkshire Mall. We were sitting towards the front of the small shop, sipping on our sodas. Damon had ordered a Barbeque Chicken Pizza slice. I couldnt help but be just a LITTLE disappointed. I thought it would have been perfect if by some miracle, he was vegetarian too. Our pizzas was finally ready. As we began to eat our food, he offered me a piece of the barbeque chicken, I politely declined and kept eating my slice of pizza. To be honest, I was nervous to bring up the fact that I was vegetarian. I had been vegetarian for 4 years and had become well aware of the fact that, most people who arent vegetarians dont like hearing about it. On top of that, I didnt want to make him feel bad about what he was eating! Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Questions I Wish People Would Stop Asking Vegans and Vegetarians" essay for you Create order As the years go by, I notice people usually respond to finding out Im vegetarian one of two ways. 1- they make fun of me for it or 2- they feel like I am silently judging them for eating meat! Which I am definitely not doing! I have no problem with people who eat meat! So what kind of questions do I get as a vegetarian? First one and most common would probably be, What do you eat? People forget how many of our favorite meals are already vegan or vegetarian! We have salads, lots of Chinese food options, and pasta! (My favorite!! And what I usually order at restaurants) I honestly barley think about meat! Growing up I had always wanted to become a vegetarian, mostly because of my love for animals! I also knew that it was the right thing to do! I would always tell my mother that I was officially going vegan but then by dinner time, I would smell the chicken and dig in! I didnt fully commit to being a vegetarian until I was 14 years old. I made this choice because I could no longer support an industry that was hurting millions of animals. Almost everyone in my life did not thing this would last ( I could see why!). They never failed to mention that I was missing so much every time we ate out together. The second most common question I receive is, Will it upset you if I order ____ When I am asked this question, I never know when to be flattered or annoyed. I understand that you are probably asking because you genuinely do not want to offend me, BUT I really couldnt care less if you eat meat!! Okay, maybe thats a little lie! I COULD care less if you ate meat or not. I wish people wouldnt eat so much meat. But I would never ever judge you for it. I ate meat for 13 years of my short 18 year old life before I became vegetarian and then vegan. Where do you get your protein from? How do you survive? This one is always a funny question to me. People assume that the only source of high protein is meats! Which is not the case! There is no shortage of high-protein vegan products! There are chickpeas, black beans, nuts, nut butters, tofu, quinoa, some grains, Hummus and pita, chia, and even broccoli! I know what youre thinking, broccoli? First off, who even likes broccoli, and second how much broccoli would you have to eat to get the right amount of protein? I remember I would always try and argue that broccoli was a good source of protein! If you could eat five pounds in one sitting But instead now I can just explain that we really dont NEED all that much protein. Its easy to get what we did need from simple and common foods. (like those listed above) Are your parents vegan too? This is a big question. Since I turned vegetarian at 14 people would always ask me, is your mom vegan too? Did she force you to do this? (haha) The answer is no. This was a decision I made on my own, and my mom and brother were still both meat eaters. As the years went on, my mom began to start asking me questions about veganism, a few months after that she started researching it on her own. Soon after, my mom made the switch to being a vegetarian. (where she happily stays) I was thrilled she made the switch. She still drinks milk and her coffee and makes salmon burgers, but she is almost entirely vegetarian! Although, I must admit, she still eats a Chick Fil A chicken strip every once in a while. But shes healthier then shes ever been! And she wasnt doing it for me. It was her choice. I must say, occasionally Ill smell some cooking meat and wonder if I should go back to eating meat, and maybe I will one day, but for now I am happy being vegan. Im doing th e best I can at it and the bets I can to educate those who ask questions like this.

Organizational Culture At Ivey Business Journal - 1351 Words

Organisational culture shared among all the members, with its values, principles, traditions and methods of working. It determines how an organisation functions, from industry side to individually. It could be an important asset which, if not managed well, can be a critical liability for the organisation. While a healthy and positive organisational culture could increase relationship between employees and employer, and together achieve the maximum performance for the company, a deleterious culture would lead to the downfall of the organisation, and eventually collapse. It is an advantage that requires good management skill, coordination and communication in order for the organisation to utilize it well. Beaudan and Smith (2000) at Ivey Business Journal stated that corporate cultures are mature and complex organisms. One must carefully and smartly shape the culture, and it is wise to nurture corporate culture as an asset, rather than a risk and liability. This essay explains both bene ficial and negative sides of organisational culture, along with case studies supported. Goffee and Jones (1996) research comments that a majority of well-established organisations changed their culture in order to secure its competitive advantage. While external factors such as economy, competitors strategies and government regulations might be critical for an organisation and its managers to concern, organisation culture is an internal, intangible gift. Dummay and Cuganesan (2011) claimedShow MoreRelatedTransformational Leadership918 Words   |  4 Pagesimprovement in the productive efficiency of the subordinates (Rowe Nejad, 2009). Answer 2 Major transnational companies such as General Motors and British Airways recruited and encouraged charismatic leaders to boost their marketing aspect of the business. According to the article it is argued that Charismatic leaders for the marketing departments of these companies have proved to be inspirational for the subordinates and have helped generate a great degree of innovation (In Search of True, 2012Read MoreCase Study : Hacienda Encantada Resort Spa 71271 Words   |  6 Pagesthese changes. On a business level, these changes perhaps would contain the transformation of the internal corporate ideologies as well as enhancements in the management of human resources in reaction to intensifying workplace diversity and the evolving necessities of the workforce. According to strategy + business, â€Å"skilled change managers, conscious of organizational change management best practices, always make the most of their company’s existing culture† (Strategy + Business, 2 014). ThereforeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Roaring Dragon Hotel 857 Words   |  4 Pagesconsequences faced by Hotel International Management and RDH employees to sustain in competitive business environment. It is one of the original three-star hotels in southwest China and a state owned enterprise (Grainger, 2008). Failure to recognize cultural norms and the relationship between employees, customers, and contractors will result in dramatic failure of modernization and an effective business plan (Grainger, 2008). â€Æ' Introduction: RDH is a state owned enterprise located in southwest ChinaRead MoreIvey – Development of a Multi-National Personnel Selection System2637 Words   |  11 PagesI. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Description of company in general terms and its business areas, key players and their roles, and relevant time frame of the case. ComInTec AG Co (ComInTec) is a world leading industrial company with administration, sales offices and production plants in various regions in the world.1 The owner of the company, Peter Koenig, wants to have a new personnel selection system to be developed to fill 25 middle management positions in the Asian-Pacific (APAC) region2. He prefersRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Virtue Ethics1277 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Ethics and Virtue Ethics There are many things that make a company unique and successful. The liberty of working in an organization in society today is that, companies are filled with many different individuals from all ways of life. It’s these people who bring something new, innovative and exciting to their line of work and often times you will find positively affect the others around them. Within my military profession it is the leadership and the culture of our environment that makesRead MoreThe Influence of a Companys Leadership and Culture on Its Business Ethics1541 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss the ways in which a companys leadership and culture influence its business ethics Definition of Organizational Culture Organizational culture refers to the values and behaviors essential in the contribution or development of unique social and psychological environment with reference to an organization. This is an indication that organizational culture is inclusive of the expectations, philosophy, values, and experiences that focus on holding an organization together with the aim of enhancingRead MoreEmployee Engagement : Job Dissatisfaction1849 Words   |  8 PagesEMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT â€Æ' Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 LACK OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT 3 Job dissatisfaction 4 Lack of communication 4 Work culture 4 Attitude, behavior and outcomes 5 EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES 5 Connectivity between employer employees 6 Career opportunities 6 Focus on communication 6 Engage first line leaders 6 Create motivational culture 7 Motivation for the right employees 7 Communicate progress 7 Huge investments 7 FRAMEWORK AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL 8 Openness to experience 8Read MoreRapid, Volatile, and Discontinuous Change: Impact on Strategic Management and Organizations1482 Words   |  6 PagesCourse Code Instructors Name Department/Faculty Institution Date Rapid, Volatile, and Discontinuous Change The main challenge to management is the creation and implementation of strategic approaches and tools that measure and build organizational capabilities, which continuously renew themselves and leap competition. Managers face the daunting task of creating novel methods which transcend traditional strategic approaches and tools, in a less stable, certain, and complex environment (VoepelRead MoreThe Role and Responsibility of Company Leadership in Shaping Organizational Culture1712 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to (Organic Workspaces, n. d) an organization’s culture refers to the observable, powerful forces in any organization, usually constituted by the employees’ shared values, beliefs, symbols, and behaviors. The organizational culture ideally influences its decisions and actions (Tharp, n. d). (Watkins, 2013) also defines organizational culture as a consistent and observable pattern of behavior in organizations. An organization’s culture channelizes individua l decisions and actions at a subconsciousRead MoreCorporate Fraud, Greed, Corruption, And Ethics1598 Words   |  7 Pagescompany comes to mind when you hear those words? Enron! In this paper we will take a look into the corporate facts and history as well as, stakeholder relationships, organizational trust issues, ethical leadership and ethical culture at Enron. As well as where improvements could have been made to improve organizational trust and ethical culture before Enron’s collapse. II. Corporate Facts and History According to the Texas State Historical Association, organized in Omaha, Nebraska in 1930, InterNorth

Ancient Egypt Essay Conclusion Example For Students

Ancient Egypt Essay Conclusion Between 3100 and 332 B.C was the rise and climax of one of the richest and oldest ancient civilizations. Its lifeline was the Nile river in the Nile valley. Here, Egyptian dynasties ruled from the first cataract of the Nile to the Mediterranean Sea. At the its height it ruled an empire that reached from Syria in the east to Nubia in the south. In this report I will be covering the Archaic Period, the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom the New Kingdom and The Late Period or 3100-332 B.C. Archaic Period: 3100 B.C to 2750 B.C There long history began with there first King who began the first Egyptian dynasty. In 3100 B.C Pharaoh Menes united upper and lower Egypt. Making Egypts first empire. In doing so, he made the Egyptian double crown. It was made by putting the red crown of Lower Egypt on top of the white crown of upper Egypt. Menes ruled from the ancient city of Thinis near Abydos. Under his reign the first hieroglyphic writing was made. He is also credited with making his empire interdependent. Old Kingdom: 2750 B.C to 2181 B.C / First Intermediate Period: 2182-2260 Little is known about Menes successors until the reign of Zoser at the end of the 3rd dynasty. His capital was located at Memphis on the Niles west bank. He built the worlds first pyramid and the first building of that size to be entirely made of stone. Even though it was a pyramid it wasnt a true pyramid, but a step pyramid. After the reign of the last king of the Sixth dynasty the last dynasty in the old kingdom. Pepi II in 2181 B.C, there was a period of crisis and social upheaval known as the First Intermediate Period. The reasons leading up to this dark time, was a series of low floods and the result was famine during the Sixth dynasty. This undermined the stability of Egypt and provoked rebellion. What followed put Egypt in rapid decline. With no central power the provinces became independent states the were often at war with each other. To make the situation worse was a penetration of nomadic foreigners into the delta region of the Nile Valley. Middle Kingdom: 2061-1784 B.C/Second Intermediate Period 1633-1570 B.C The accession in 2060 B.C. of Mentuhotep II of Thebes the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom, ended 90 years of conflict with a dynasty established a Herakleopolis, south of Memphis. This strong Eleventh Dynasty ruler restored order in Egypt. He drove the Asiatics from the delta and campaigned against the Libyans and nomadic tribes in the Sinai and the eastern desert. Trade also expanded to Nubia, Syria and Palestine under his reign. Mentuhotep II reigned for 50 years and was buried at Deir el-Bahri. Under the reign of Sesostris II 1897-1878 B.C huge irrigation works were built at the oasis at Faiyum. Sesostris III 1878-1843 expanded Egypts southern border to the second cataract. At such times of powerful rulers, Egypt was  governed by an efficient administration. Taxation provided much of the wealth and was carefully organized. A census of fields and of all cattle was taken every two years. In addition to tax calculation and collection, another important official function was the building up reserves of grain stocks to prevent famine after a bad harvest. The state controlled all foreign trade and owned the mines and quarries. After the end of the Thirteenth Dynasty in 1633 B.C Egypt fell into another period of decline known as the second intermediate period. During this period Egypt was divided into four areas: the southern area ruled by 17th dynasty Theban rulers, the central area that owed allegiance to Thebes, the 15th and 16th dynasties or the Hyksos that ruled most of the delta and the 14th dynasty that ruled a small are in the delta. .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22 , .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22 .postImageUrl , .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22 , .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22:hover , .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22:visited , .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22:active { border:0!important; } .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22:active , .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22 .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4471e1656af401dc15679ebce8543f22:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Egyptian Art case EssayThe Hyksos identity is not known and there was no evidence that they invaded Egypt. This suggest that there takeover was peaceful as a result of their increased population in the delta. During the middle kingdom the Hyksos were employed by the state of Egypt to mine in the Sinai mines and in Egypt itself. Later their population in the delta was so large that it was larger than the Egyptian population the delta, so this was the probable cause of there takeover. The Hyksos rule over Egypt was very unpopular with the people of Egypt and according to tradition Hyksos were an anarchy, who were accused of burning temple and cities. But evidence suggest that the Hyksos respected and even adapted to the Egyptian culture and religion. And they also made many advances in many things. One of the more important things were the horse drawn chariots. Whatever the nature of the Hyksos rule they where still very unpopular. However one of the consequences of the Hyksos rule was the dramatic change in Egypts attitudes toward war and foreign conquest. And after a hundred years of rule, the Theban prince Seqenere began the struggle against the Hyksos, dying in battle of fatal head wounds. His son Kamose drove the Hyksos from Middle Egypt and took Avaris. In 1570 B.C he was succeeded by his younger brother Ahmosis, who drove the Hyksos out of Egypt persued them into Palestine and eliminated them in a series of campaigns. The New Kingdom 1570-1045 After a decade of fighting Egypt was restored and Ahmosis formed the most illustrious 18th dynasty of The New Kingdom or The Empire. And once again Egypt. The founder of this Illustrious family died in 1546 B.C. Under a series of rulers once again controlled Syria, Palestine and Nubia. And under the reign of Amenophis II Egypt expanded its empire beyond the Fourth Cataract. One of the many new lands that were conquered was Kush. And soon Egypt was depending on Kushs mines for gold. And the capital moved to Thebes. Egypts power and prosperity were largely the result of the exploits of a few kings. Thuthmosis I  campaigned as far as the Euphrates and first brought Syria and Palestine under Egyptian rule. Following the reign of Hatshepsut the widow of Tuthmosis II, her nephew and stepson Tuthmosis III reasserted Egyptian authority over kingdoms in Asia and came in conflict with Mitanni. Under Tuthmosis IV, a peace treaty was concluded between these powers and sealed by dynastic marriage. Toward the end of Amenophis III reign, the Hittites sacked Mitannis capital and began to dominate Egypts land in Syria. Egyptian influence in the area collapsed. After the reign of Horemheb 1348-1320 B.C the 18th dynasty was over and the 19th dynasty began. The first ruler of the new dynasty was Ramesses I. His reign of 2 years was succeeded by his son, Seti I who did much to restore Egypts prestige. There was one campaign against the Libyans and he also campaigned in the east and restored Egyptian control over Palestine. Egypt came into conflict with the Hittites in Syria, but by the end of Seti Is reign, the two powers seemed to come to an understanding. Setis son Ramesses II resumed hostilities and attacked the Hittites under King Muwatallis at Qadesh. The details of this encounter for the control of Syria are know because Ramesses had it recorded as a great victory on several temples. In fact the result was indecisive, and both armies suffered heavy losses. The rest of Ramesses IIs reign was fairly peaceful and prosperous. Nubia was still under his control, although there seemed to be difficulty in the production of gold. He also moved his capital north to Pi-Ramesse. Under his successors, Egypt fell into a period of decline. Merneptah fought and defeated invading Libyans, who were allied with the Sea People. In the reign of the Twentieth Dynasty pharoah Ramesses III, Egypt was once again attaked Libyans and the Sea People. Three campaigns were fought in the Delta before the invaders were beaten. .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7 , .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7 .postImageUrl , .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7 , .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7:hover , .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7:visited , .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7:active { border:0!important; } .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7:active , .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7 .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uce535e2e9dbb2111fadf5b686535c3a7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Egyptian mythology and the Bible EssayAlthough most of Ramesses III reign was prosperous and the king made many gifts to the temples, toward the end there were problems. First there was a strike because monthly food rations were overdue. More serious was the discovery that several of his wives and officials in his harem were in a plot to kill him. As punishment, some of the plotters were allowed to kill themselves, while others lived, but got there noses and ears off. The next eight pharohs were all called Ramesses, and under them Egypt lost the what was left of its empire and became increasingly unstable. The Late Period: 1045-332 B.C This was the downfall of Egypt and was the last intermediate period. After the end of the 20th Dynasty Egypt was divided between the High Preist at Thebes and the Vizier of lower egypt, Smendes who ruled from Tanis. And as usual, at times when Egypt was in turmoil conquerors came. In this case the Libyans once again attacked and settled in the delta. In 747 B.C the Nubians came to power, but it  was shortlived fore the Assyrians overran the Nubians in 667 B.C. Between the years of 663-525 B.C the Egyptians became independent under th 26th dynasty. Then in 605 B.C The Babylonians conquered Egypt, then in 539 B.C the Persians defeated the Babylonians and conquered Egypt. Then finally in 332 B.C Alexander the Great of Macedonia Conquered Egypt and built his city of Alexandria. Conclusion In conclusion I think Egypt is by far the least warlike civilization of its time. I think this because it only fighted invaders and not until the New Kingdom did it conquer foreign lands on the large scale.

Men And Women What Influences A Persons Identity Is It Their Homes,

Men and Women What influences a person's identity? Is it their homes, parents, religion, or maybe where they live? When do they get one? Do they get it when they understand right from wrong, or when they can read, or are they born with it? Everyone has one and nobody has the same, is there a point in everyone's life when they get one? A person's identity is his own, nobody put it there and nobody can take it out. Everyone in this world has a different identity because they all make their own over the course of their life. A person's identity also causes a person to have masculine and feminine traits. There is no one thing that gives a person their identity, there are however many different factors that contribute to one's identity. What is someone's identity? Is it the way they look, the way they dress, or it could be many things all put together, or is it none of the above? To me someone's identity is a part of their being. Nobody will ever hold it, touch it, or even see it, but it is there. Everybody has one, it guilds your decision making, your thoughts, ideas, and dreams. You may think something is terrible while someone else does not even care and yet another person may laugh, why? The answer is simple, everyone has his own identity and personality. Everyone feels, acts, thinks, and dreams differently. People may have some of these things in common with one another, but they will not be totally the same, it is like a fingerprint, unique. There are many origins to a person's identity, their family, friends, home life, religion, environment and others. But how does it get there, you do not go into a store and pick on off the shelf. A person's identity is developed over many years and put together by the person themselves. It comes from the individuals ability to think, reason and form an opinion. Nobody has the same mind, or the same or the same conscious, so how could anyone have the same identity as another. A person's identity is developed over many yea rs from the time they become aware of their surroundings, to the time they decide if they are going to college, and even as they grow old there identity will change with them. As people's dreams are dreamed and goals are accomplished their identities will change with the individual. Their aspirations and values will change, causing their identities to change with it. It may be a slight alteration or a major overhaul but there identity will adjust to the person. One of the factors of forming an identity will obviously be your family. One's family if invaluable to them. Your family may not be your biological parents or ever a blood relative at all, but nobody in this world can live from birth without some one. But no matter who it is, they will be the people who take care of you when you are sick or aid you when you need help. These people will be there with you for a long time and yes they will have a major impact on what you turn out to be it the future. A lot off people are fortun ate enough to live with a mother and a father, they may ever have some brothers and sisters to play with as they grow up. But ever with the same family influences, brothers and sisters still do not have the same identities Some may even say having a ?traditional? family would be bad for the development of an identity. For example, what kind identity would a young girl develop if see repeatedly saw her father beat on her mother. She would probably not feel the same as another girl whose father always showed love and caring for her mother. What about a teenager who used drugs as often as he changed his underwear. Would his younger brother, in looking up to him, feel the same as another boy who grew up never seeing an illegal drug before. If family members have no regard for keeping the other members of the family on the right Men And Women What Influences A Persons Identity Is It Their Homes, Men and Women What influences a person's identity? Is it their homes, parents, religion, or maybe where they live? When do they get one? Do they get it when they understand right from wrong, or when they can read, or are they born with it? Everyone has one and nobody has the same, is there a point in everyone's life when they get one? A person's identity is his own, nobody put it there and nobody can take it out. Everyone in this world has a different identity because they all make their own over the course of their life. A person's identity also causes a person to have masculine and feminine traits. There is no one thing that gives a person their identity, there are however many different factors that contribute to one's identity. What is someone's identity? Is it the way they look, the way they dress, or it could be many things all put together, or is it none of the above? To me someone's identity is a part of their being. Nobody will ever hold it, touch it, or even see it, but it is there. Everybody has one, it guilds your decision making, your thoughts, ideas, and dreams. You may think something is terrible while someone else does not even care and yet another person may laugh, why? The answer is simple, everyone has his own identity and personality. Everyone feels, acts, thinks, and dreams differently. People may have some of these things in common with one another, but they will not be totally the same, it is like a fingerprint, unique. There are many origins to a person's identity, their family, friends, home life, religion, environment and others. But how does it get there, you do not go into a store and pick on off the shelf. A person's identity is developed over many years and put together by the person themselves. It comes from the individuals ability to think, reason and form an opinion. Nobody has the same mind, or the same or the same conscious, so how could anyone have the same identity as another. A person's identity is developed over many yea rs from the time they become aware of their surroundings, to the time they decide if they are going to college, and even as they grow old there identity will change with them. As people's dreams are dreamed and goals are accomplished their identities will change with the individual. Their aspirations and values will change, causing their identities to change with it. It may be a slight alteration or a major overhaul but there identity will adjust to the person. One of the factors of forming an identity will obviously be your family. One's family if invaluable to them. Your family may not be your biological parents or ever a blood relative at all, but nobody in this world can live from birth without some one. But no matter who it is, they will be the people who take care of you when you are sick or aid you when you need help. These people will be there with you for a long time and yes they will have a major impact on what you turn out to be it the future. A lot off people are fortun ate enough to live with a mother and a father, they may ever have some brothers and sisters to play with as they grow up. But ever with the same family influences, brothers and sisters still do not have the same identities Some may even say having a ?traditional? family would be bad for the development of an identity. For example, what kind identity would a young girl develop if see repeatedly saw her father beat on her mother. She would probably not feel the same as another girl whose father always showed love and caring for her mother. What about a teenager who used drugs as often as he changed his underwear. Would his younger brother, in looking up to him, feel the same as another boy who grew up never seeing an illegal drug before. If family members have no regard for keeping the other members of the family on the right